For decades, asbestos was widely used in construction materials before its health risks were fully recognised. Now, scientists are warning that silica dust could be the next threat, with experts calling for tighter rules around worker safety.
Silica is one of the most common minerals on earth, found in sand, granite and many other types of rock. It's often generated as a fine respirable dust during activities like mining, quarrying, manufacturing and construction work involving sandstone or concrete.
While acute high-level silica exposure can cause immediate issues like silicosis, researchers are concerned by studies linking even comparatively low-level chronic silica exposure to serious illnesses. Their meta-analysis found consistent links between silica dust and higher rates of lung cancer, pulmonary tuberculosis and kidney disease.
With silica an unavoidable byproduct of many industries, experts argue current safety guidelines need review. They point out that asbestos wasn't recognized as a carcinogen for decades despite evidence of its dangers. To avoid a similar situation with silica, tighter controls may be needed to protect workers and communities where airborne silica pollution is produced.
Improving safety equipment and ventilation in high-risk work sites could help reduce the amount of respirable silica individuals inhale. Regulators may also consider lowering permitted exposure limits or mandating additional education on silica hazards. With millions potentially exposed worldwide, proactive steps now may prevent silica from becoming an even bigger public health problem.
