The decision of the Modi government to reconsider the Indus Waters Treaty (IWT) in the wake of the recent Pahalgam terror attack is not only justified but long overdue. The brutal assault, which led to the death of 28 innocent tourists in Pahalgam, is yet another grim reminder of Pakistan’s continued sponsorship of cross-border terrorism. When a country persistently violates the spirit of peace, trust, and cooperation, it leaves India with no choice but to re-evaluate its commitments, including long-standing agreements like the Indus Waters Treaty of 1960.
The IWT was signed on the principle of “good faith” between two sovereign nations. However, Pakistan has time and again breached this trust—by refusing dialogue when India has sought it and by encouraging terrorism that destabilizes the region. As per Article XII(3) of the treaty, if either party desires a modification, it must be done through mutual agreement. India has repeatedly extended the olive branch, urging Pakistan to engage in dialogue. Pakistan’s consistent refusal is a direct violation of this clause, exposing its unwillingness to honour even the most basic tenets of the agreement.
Moreover, Pakistan’s blatant support for terror groups operating in Jammu & Kashmir has created an environment of chronic insecurity. It is illogical to expect India to uphold the obligations of a treaty while Pakistan undermines India’s sovereignty on a daily basis. National security must take precedence over diplomatic niceties. No treaty can be above the lives of citizens.
India, as the upper riparian state, enjoys certain rights under international water law. These include the sovereign right to utilize its water resources reasonably without causing undue harm to the lower riparian. With Pakistan itself acting in bad faith, India is well within its rights to assert control over the western rivers to meet its growing energy demands through clean hydropower.
Today’s India is not the India of 1960. Population growth, changing development needs, and the push for Atmanirbhar Bharat (self-reliant India) demand a fresh perspective. Sustainable development and energy security hinge on the optimal use of all available natural resources—water being among the most critical.
In light of the above, the Modi government’s move sends a strong diplomatic message: India will not allow terrorism and treaties to coexist. If Pakistan cannot respect peace, it cannot expect continued generosity. The time has come for India to act decisively and protect its national interest—strategically, economically, and morally.
